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Common purpose / Patients and families

Children and safeguarding

From Clothier and Climbie to Bristol, hyponatraemia and Thirlwall, harm to children is where closed culture and weak safeguarding do the most damage.

11 reviews · 16 recommendations

Reviews, most recent first

  1. 2026
    Thirlwall Inquiry

    Lady Justice Thirlwall

  2. 2025
  3. 2024
    Cass review

    Dr Hilary Cass

  4. 2018
    Hyponatraemia Inquiry

    Mr Justice O'Hara

  5. 2015
    Savile NHS lessons

    Kate Lampard and Ed Marsden

  6. 2011
    Munro review

    Professor Eileen Munro

  7. 2010
    Marmot review

    Professor Sir Michael Marmot

  8. 2003
  9. 2001
    Alder Hey (Redfern)

    Michael Redfern KC

  10. 2001
    Bristol Royal Infirmary

    Professor Sir Ian Kennedy

  11. 1994
    Clothier (Allitt)

    Sir Cecil Clothier

What they asked for

  1. Thirlwall Inquiry2026Awaiting response

    Fit in-cot cameras in every neonatal unit, with ring-fenced national funding and a roadmap by March 2027.

    NHS England

  2. Thirlwall Inquiry2026Awaiting response

    Restrict and record access to insulin, and make national guidance on investigating hypoglycaemia mandatory.

    NHS trusts

  3. Thirlwall Inquiry2026Awaiting response

    Train staff and boards on suspected deliberate harm, and write the duty to follow that guidance into contracts, including bank and agency staff.

    NHS trusts

  4. Thirlwall Inquiry2026Awaiting response

    Apply sudden-unexpected-death procedures to babies who have never left hospital, and shorten the paperwork.

    NHS England and DHSC

  5. Thirlwall Inquiry2026Awaiting response

    Issue a one-page protocol for when staff suspect a colleague may be causing deliberate harm. Concerns raised in good faith must be acted on, and moving the person can be a neutral step to protect patients.

    NHS England

  6. Thirlwall Inquiry2026Awaiting response

    Expand paediatric and perinatal pathology training to the level the Royal College says is required, by 2033.

    DHSC and NHS England

  7. Cass review2024In progress

    Replace the single gender identity development service with regional services embedded in children's healthcare.

    NHS England

  8. Cass review2024Accepted

    Restrict puberty-suppressing hormones to research settings until the evidence is stronger.

    NHS England

  9. Hyponatraemia Inquiry2018Partly done

    Train clinicians in the management of fluids in children and audit that practice.

    Health and Social Care trusts

  10. Savile NHS lessons2015Partly done

    Apply safeguarding rules to volunteers, celebrities and anyone else with access to patients.

    NHS trusts

  11. Munro review2011Partly done

    Judge the system by whether children are safer, not by whether process was followed.

    Government and local authorities

  12. Marmot review2010Partly done

    Give every child the best start, and make work and places healthier.

    Government

  13. Victoria Climbié2003Partly done

    Create a single local line of accountability for children's safeguarding.

    Government and local services

  14. Give families clear information and a real part in decisions about their child's care.

    Clinical services

  15. Clothier (Allitt)1994Partly done

    Screen nurses' health before employment and while in post, and take up references properly.

    NHS employers

  16. Clothier (Allitt)1994Partly done

    Investigate unexpected child deaths with the right pathology, and give consultants the post-mortem findings.

    Hospitals and coroners